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??? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? 3? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? .

?? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????-19? ??? ????? ???????? ???? 2022 (NPT/CONF.2020/DEC.2) ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? 2026 ?? ???????.

2026: ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????

?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2026? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? 2022? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? 2015 ?????? ????????? ???? 2022 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????.

?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????: ?????? ????? ???????

????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? 1968? ????? ??? ?????? ??? 1970. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????.

????? ??? ???

?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????

?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????.

�� ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? 27 ????? 2018 ��

??? ????? ???????? ???? 2026

?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2026

???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2026 ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? 2023 ??? ???? 2025. ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1995? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????.

?????? ????????? - ??????????

????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? 2026? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? (???? ?? ????)? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? (???? ?? ?????????)? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? (???? ?? ??????). ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????.

?????? ????????? - ????? ??? ???????

????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? 2000? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????.

?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2026

?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2026 ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? 1995 ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????

????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1970. ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? 1975 ?1985 ?2000 ?2010? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? 1980 ?1990 ?1995 ?2005 ?2015 ?2022. ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? (??? ?????? ??????)? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? 1995 ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 1995

??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 1995 ?????: ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????????. ?????? ??? ????????: (?) ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? (?) ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? (?) ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2000

???? ????? ???????? ???? 2000 ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? "?????? ????????" ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??? ??? 15 ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????.

??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????. ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2005

?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? 2005 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? 1995 ?2000.

?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2010

???? ????? ???????? ???? 2010 ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? 64 ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? (??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????)? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2015

?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? 2015 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? 1995. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2020 - ????? ???? ????? ?????-19

??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2022 ?? ??? 2020? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????-19? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? 2026. ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????.

???? ????? - ????? ????? ????????

?? ?????? ?? 24 ??? 28 ?????/???? 2023? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????.

????? ????????

??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? 1945? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? 1946? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? 1949 ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????.

1953: "?????? ?? ??? ??????" ?????????

?? ?????? 1953? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?. ???????? ?? ??????? "?????? ?? ??? ??????"? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????.

1957: ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????

???? ??????? ?? ??? 1957 ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????. ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 1958. ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? 1961? ?? ??? 1964 ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? (INFCIRC/66 ??????????).

??????? ?????? ?????

????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? (?????? ???????? ?????? 4)? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? (INFCIRC/153) ????? ????? ???????? ??? "???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????". ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? (INFCIRC/540) ?? ????/???? 1997. ???? 30 ?????/?????? 2025? ??? ??? 144 ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???????.

???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????

??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? 1957? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? 1968 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? 25 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????/???? 1995? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????.

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