{"id":234294,"date":"2020-03-20T19:46:51","date_gmt":"2020-03-20T23:46:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/?page_id=234294"},"modified":"2026-02-24T15:24:26","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T20:24:26","slug":"history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/history\/","title":{"rendered":"History of the Question of Palestine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube fusion-alignleft\" style=\"--awb-max-width:800px;--awb-max-height:550px;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:68.75%;\" ><iframe title=\"YouTube video player 1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yBjMbe24Vu0?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0&amp;mute=1\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-double sep-dashed\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;--awb-sep-color:#cecccc;border-color:#cecccc;border-top-width:3px;border-bottom-width:3px;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h3><\/h3>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/historical-timeline\/\">Timeline of Events (click here)<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><div class=\"timeline-footer\">\n<p class=\"text-right\"><strong>1917 &#8211; 1947: British mandate<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-body\">\n<p>Palestine was among former Ottoman territories placed under UK administration by the League of Nations in 1922. All of these territories eventually became fully independent States, except Palestine, where in addition to &#8220;the rendering of administrative assistance and advice&#8221; the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/C-529-M-314-1922-VI_BI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">British Mandate <\/a>incorporated the &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Balfour_declaration_unmarked.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Balfour Declaration<\/a>&#8221; of 1917, expressing support for &#8220;the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people&#8221;. During the Mandate, from 1922 to 1947, large-scale Jewish immigration, mainly from Eastern Europe took place, the numbers swelling in the 1930s with the Nazi persecution. Arab demands for independence and resistance to immigration led to a rebellion in 1937, followed by continuing terrorism and violence from both sides. UK considered various formulas to bring independence to a land ravaged by violence. In 1947, the UK turned the Palestine problem over to the UN. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/history2\/origins-and-evolution-of-the-palestine-problem\/part-i-1917-1947\/#Origins_and_Evolution_of_the_Palestine_Problem_1917-1947_Part_I\">Read more.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><div class=\"timeline-footer\">\n<p class=\"text-right\"><strong>1947 &#8211; 1977: Partition plan, 1948, 1967, 1973 wars, inalienable rights<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-body\">\n<p>After looking at alternatives, the UN proposed terminating the Mandate and partitioning Palestine into two independent States, one Palestinian Arab and the other Jewish, with Jerusalem internationalized (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-185393\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Resolution 181 (II)<\/a> of 1947). One of the two envisaged States proclaimed its independence as Israel and in the 1948 war involving neighbouring Arab States expanded to 77 percent of the territory of mandate Palestine, including the larger part of Jerusalem. Over half of the Palestinian Arab population fled or were expelled. Jordan and Egypt controlled the rest of the territory assigned by resolution 181 to the Arab State. In the 1967 war, Israel occupied these territories (Gaza Strip and the West Bank) including East Jerusalem, which was subsequently annexed by Israel. The war brought about a second exodus of Palestinians, estimated at half a million. Security Council <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-184858\/\">Resolution 242 (1967)<\/a> formulated the principles of a just and lasting peace, including an Israeli withdrawal from territories occupied in the conflict, a just settlement of the refugee problem, and the termination of all claims or states of belligerency. The 1973 hostilities were followed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/data-collection\/security-council\/\">Security Council<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-185881\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Resolution 338<\/a>, which inter alia called for peace negotiations between the parties concerned. In 1974 the General Assembly reaffirmed the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people to self-determination, national independence, sovereignty, and to return. The following year, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/data-collection\/general-assembly\/\">General Assembly<\/a> established the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/committee\/\">Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People<\/a> and conferred on the PLO the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-180059\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">status of observer <\/a>in the Assembly and in UN conferences. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/history2\/origins-and-evolution-of-the-palestine-problem\/part-ii-1947-1977\/\">Read more.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-video fusion-youtube fusion-alignleft\" style=\"--awb-max-width:900px;--awb-max-height:550px;--awb-width:100%;\"><div class=\"video-shortcode\"><div class=\"fluid-width-video-wrapper\" style=\"padding-top:61.11%;\" ><iframe title=\"YouTube video player 2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_wAeBAqU_-Q?wmode=transparent&autoplay=0&amp;mute=1\" width=\"900\" height=\"550\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture;\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-4\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload  wp-image-233891 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1917.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1917.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"373\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27198%27%20height%3D%27373%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20198%20373%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27198%27%20height%3D%27373%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1917-159x300.jpg 159w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1917-200x377.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1917.jpg 215w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"border-bottom-box\">\n<p><strong>Palestine Partition Map Majority Proposal <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A sketch map of the plan on partition of Palestine, with economic union, proposed by the majority of the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine. The plan envisages the division of Palestine into 3 parts: a Jewish state, an Arab State (dark tint), and the City of Jerusalem (white), to be placed under an International Trusteeship system. 1947, United Nations (Lake Success), New York. UN Photo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-5 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload size-full wp-image-234486 alignnone\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27330%27%20height%3D%27350%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20330%20350%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27330%27%20height%3D%27350%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1947.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"330\" height=\"350\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>War Destruction in Palestine <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A deserted Arab village in the Negev. [1948]. UN Photo.<\/p>\n<div class=\"border-bottom-box\"><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-6\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-233943 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1948.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1948.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"383\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27383%27%20height%3D%27303%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20383%20303%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27383%27%20height%3D%27303%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1948-200x159.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1948-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1948-400x317.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1948.jpg 405w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 383px) 100vw, 383px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Palestinian Refugees Crossing Frontiers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Arab refugees from Palestine waiting for transportation in Lebanon. [1948]. UN Photo.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-7 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone size-full wp-image-234489\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27405%27%20height%3D%27321%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20405%20321%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27405%27%20height%3D%27321%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1967.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"321\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Middle East Populations Uprooted by Israel\/Arab Conflict<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Some of the many thousands of Arab refugees making the difficult crossing of King Hussein Bridge (formerly Allenby Bridge) from the Israeli-occupied west bank of the Jordan River into Jordan. 1967. UN Photo.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-5 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-8\"><div class=\"timeline-footer\">\n<p class=\"text-right\"><strong>1977 &#8211; 1990: Lebanon, ICQP, Intifada<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-body\">\n<p>In June 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon with the declared intention to eliminate the PLO. A cease-fire was arranged. PLO troops withdrew from Beirut and were transferred to neighboring countries. Despite the guarantees of safety for Palestine refugees left behind, a large-scale massacre took place in the Sabra and Shatila camps. In September 1983, the International Conference on the Question of Palestine (ICQP) adopted the following principles: the need to oppose Israeli settlements and Israeli actions to change the status of Jerusalem, the right of all States in the region to existence within secure and internationally recognized boundaries, and the attainment of the legitimate, inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. In 1987, a mass uprising against the Israeli occupation began in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (the intifada). Methods used by the Israeli forces resulted in mass injuries and heavy loss of life among the civilian Palestinian population. In 1988 the Palestine National Council meeting in Algiers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-178680\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proclaimed<\/a> the establishment of the\u00a0 State of Palestine. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-210229\/\">Read more here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-194541\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-6 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-8 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-9\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone size-full wp-image-234492\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27405%27%20height%3D%27321%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20405%20321%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27405%27%20height%3D%27321%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1977.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"321\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Security Council Demands Cease-Fire Observance by All Parties in Lebanon<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Security Council demanded Israel withdraw its forces \u201cforthwith and unconditionally\u201d from Lebanon up to its internationally recognized boundaries. 06 June 1982. United Nations, New York. UN Photo.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-9 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-10 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone size-full wp-image-234495\" src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1988.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1988.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27405%27%20height%3D%27321%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20405%20321%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27405%27%20height%3D%27321%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1988-200x159.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1988-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1988-400x317.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1988.jpg 405w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Secretary-General Meets with Chairman of Palestine Liberation Organization<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Javier Perez de Cuellar, Secretary-General of the United Nations, meets with Yasser Arafat, Chairman of Palestine Liberation Organization, in Geneva. 27 June 1988. UN Photo.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-7 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-10 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-11\"><div class=\"timeline-footer\">\n<p class=\"text-right\"><strong>The Peace Process of the 1990s<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-body\">\n<p>A Peace Conference was convened in Madrid in 1991, with the aim of achieving a peaceful settlement through direct negotiations along 2 tracks: between Israel and the Arab States, and between Israel and the Palestinians, based on Security Council <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-184858\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">resolutions 242<\/a> (1967) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-185880\/\">338<\/a> (1973). The multilateral track negotiations were to focus on region-wide issues such as the environment, arms control, refugees, water, and the economy. A series of subsequent negotiations culminated in the mutual recognition between the Government of Israel and the PLO, the representative of the Palestinian people, and the signing in 1993 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-180015\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements<\/a> (DOP or &#8220;Oslo Accord&#8221;), as well as the subsequent implementation agreements, which led to the partial withdrawal of Israeli forces, the elections to the Palestinian Council and the Presidency of the Palestinian Authority, the partial release of prisoners and the establishment of a functioning administration in the areas under Palestinian self-rule. The involvement of the UN has been essential both as the guardian of international legitimacy and in the mobilization and provision of international assistance. The 1993 DOP deferred certain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/permanent-status-issues\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issues <\/a>to subsequent permanent status negotiations, which were held in 2000 at Camp David and in 2001 in Taba, but proved inconclusive. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-209471\/\">Read more.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-8 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-11 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-12\"><div id=\"attachment_312253\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-312253\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-312253 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/UN7664456_037_-1024x717.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/UN7664456_037_-1024x717.jpg\" alt=\"The members of the Security Council vote in favour of permitting the observer for Palestine to participate in the Council's discussion on the current situation in the occupied Palestinian territory.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"717\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27717%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201024%20717%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27717%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/UN7664456_037_-200x140.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/UN7664456_037_-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/UN7664456_037_-400x280.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/UN7664456_037_-600x420.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/UN7664456_037_-800x560.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/UN7664456_037_-1024x717.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/UN7664456_037_.jpg 1200w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-312253\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The members of the Security Council vote in favour of permitting the observer for Palestine to participate in the Council&#8217;s discussion on the current situation in the occupied Palestinian territory. Credit: UN Photo\/John Isaac, Production Date: 10\/05\/1990<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-9 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-12 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-13\"><div class=\"timeline-footer\">\n<p class=\"text-right\"><strong>2000-2008: Second intifada, separation wall, Road Map, negotiations.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-body\">\n<p>The visit by Ariel Sharon of the Likud to Al-Haram Al-Sharif (Temple Mount) in Jerusalem in 2000 was followed by the second intifada. Israel began the construction of a West Bank separation wall, located mostly within the Occupied Palestinian Territory, ruled illegal by the International Court of Justice. In 2002, the Security Council <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-189913\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">affirmed<\/a> a vision of two States, Israel and Palestine. In 2002 the Arab League adopted the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-181223\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Arab Peace Initiative<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.quartetoffice.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Quartet<\/a>, comprised of the European Union, Russia, United Nations, and United States was established in 2002 to facilitate the Middle-East Peace Process negotiations. The Quartet was welcomed in United Nations Security Council resolution <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-189913\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1397 (2002)<\/a> following the Second Intifada. In 2003, the Quartet released a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-186742\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Road Map <\/a>to a two-State solution. An unofficial Geneva peace accord was promulgated by prominent Israelis and Palestinians in 2003. In 2005, Israel withdrew its settlers and troops from Gaza while retaining control over its borders, seashore and airspace. Following Palestinian legislative elections of 2006, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/the-quartet\/\">Quartet<\/a> conditioned assistance to the PA on its commitment to nonviolence, recognition of Israel, and acceptance of previous agreements. After an armed takeover of Gaza by Hamas in 2007, Israel imposed a blockade. The Annapolis process of 2007-2008 failed to yield a permanent status agreement. Escalating rocket fire and air strikes in late 2008 culminated in Israeli ground operation &#8220;Cast Lead&#8221; in Gaza. The UN<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/data-collection\/security-council\/\"> Security Council<\/a> adopted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-181860\/\">resolution 1860<\/a>. Violations of international law during the Gaza conflict were investigated by the UN (&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-190202\/\">Goldstone report<\/a>&#8220;).<\/p>\n<p><strong>State-building programme, Israeli-Palestinian negotiations, UN membership drive<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The 2009 PA programme to build State institutions received wide international support. A new round of negotiations in 2010 broke down following the expiration of the Israeli settlement moratorium. In 2011 President Mahmoud Abbas submitted the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-184036\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">application<\/a> of Palestine for membership in the UN. UNESCO admitted Palestine as a Member. Exploratory Israeli-Palestinian talks were held in early 2012 in Amman. In November another <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-177198\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cycle of violence <\/a>between Israel and Gaza concluded with an Egyptian-brokered cease-fire. On 29 November 2012 Palestine was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-187149\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">granted<\/a> non-member observer State status in the UN. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/data-collection\/general-assembly\/\">General Assembly<\/a> proclaimed 2014 an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-186413\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Year of Solidarity <\/a>with the Palestinian People. A new round of negotiations begun in 2013 was suspended by Israel in April 2014 following the announcement of a Palestinian national consensus Government. Another round of fighting between Israel and Gaza took place in July-August 2014. In 2016 the Security Council adopted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-178173\/\">resolution 2334<\/a> on settlements. In 2017, the US Administration announced <a href=\"https:\/\/il.usembassy.gov\/statement-by-president-trump-on-jerusalem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recognition<\/a> of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and subsequently, the US and certain other embassies were moved to Jerusalem. In 2020, the US mediated agreements to normalize relations between Israel and the UAE, Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/abraham-accord-quartet-press-conference-by-secretary-general-antonio-guterres-at-un-headquarters-sg-sm-20258-excerpts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Abraham Accords<\/a>\u201d).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-10 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-13 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-14\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone wp-image-234048\" src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2003.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2003.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"317\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27317%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20400%20317%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27400%27%20height%3D%27317%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2003-200x159.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2003-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2003-400x317.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2003.jpg 405w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Press Conference Following the Quartet Meeting<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Left to right: Javier Solana, High representative for the European Common Foreign and Security Policy, Igor S. Ivanov, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Colin L. Powell, Secretary of State of the United States of America, at press conference. 26 September 2003. United Nations, New York. UN Photo.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-14 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-one-half fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:50%;width:calc(50% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.5 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-15 fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload alignnone size-full wp-image-234501\" src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2012.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2012.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"405\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27405%27%20height%3D%27321%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20405%20321%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27405%27%20height%3D%27321%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2012-200x159.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2012-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2012-400x317.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/2012.jpg 405w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 405px) 100vw, 405px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Assembly Grants Palestine Non-member Observer State Status<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The General Assembly adopted a resolution granting to Palestine the status of non-member observer State in the United Nations. The vote was 138 for, 9 against, with 41 abstentions. Mahmoud Abbas (front centre), President of the Palestinian Authority, with his delegation in the General Assembly Hall following the Assembly&#8217;s decision. 29 November 2012. United Nations, New York. UN Photo.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-11 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1372.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-15 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-16\"><div class=\"timeline-footer\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"timeline-body\">\n<p><strong>Gaza war, International Court of Justice, Two-State Solution Conference<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In May 2023 the UN <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/nakba75\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commemorated<\/a> the Nakba anniversary. In October, a major <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/situation-in-occupied-palestine-and-israel\">escalation<\/a> between Gaza and Israel began.\u00a0South Africa filed an ICJ case against Israel alleging genocide. While the case progressed, the Court ordered Israel to prevent genocide, enable provision of basic services and aid in Gaza, and curb incitement to genocide.\u00a0In May 2024 State of Palestine was <a href=\"https:\/\/documents.un.org\/doc\/undoc\/gen\/n24\/134\/46\/pdf\/n2413446.pdf\">granted<\/a> additional rights and privileges at the UN. In July the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/icj-and-question-of-palestine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Court of Justice<\/a> found Israel\u2019s presence in the OPT unlawful: Israel should bring it to an end as rapidly as possible, cease settlement activities, evacuate settlers, and make reparations. In September the General Assembly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/ga-draft-resolution-advisory-opinion-of-icj-13sep24\/\">demanded<\/a> that Israel end its occupation in 12 months. In January 2025 a Gaza ceasefire came into effect. However, the pause was short lived as Israel launched airstrikes on Gaza on 18 March, effectively ending the ceasefire.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_287138\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-287138\" class=\"lazyload size-large wp-image-287138\" src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UN7985171_DSC_7798_-1024x683.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UN7985171_DSC_7798_-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27683%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201024%20683%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27683%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UN7985171_DSC_7798_-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UN7985171_DSC_7798_-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UN7985171_DSC_7798_-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UN7985171_DSC_7798_-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UN7985171_DSC_7798_-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UN7985171_DSC_7798_-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/UN7985171_DSC_7798_.jpg 1200w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-287138\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mahmoud Abbas (centre right), President of the State of Palestine, addresses the event to commemorate the 75th Anniversary of the Nakba, held by the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>From 28 to 30 July 2025, a High-Level International <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/high-level-conference-two-state-solution-july2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Conference<\/a> took place in the UN Headquarters which adopted a final outcome document\u00a0entitled\u00a0\u201c<em>New York Declaration on the\u202fPeaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine and Implementation of the Two-State Solution<\/em>\u201d\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/un-high-level-international-conference-new-york-declaration-29jul2025\/\">A\/CONF.243\/2025\/1<\/a>). On 12 September, the General Assembly adopted a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/ga-meeting-coverage-12sep25\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resolution<\/a> by 142 votes in favor to 10 against (12 abstained) endorsing the \u201cNew York Declaration.\u201d On\u00a022 September 2025, the resumed Conference concluded with groundbreaking momentum as Heads of State and Government and other senior officials from 10 countries (Andorra, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Portugal and the United Kingdom) announced their recognition of an independent State of Palestine.<\/p>\n<p>On 22 August 2025, the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) Famine Review Committee\u202fconfirmed in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/IPC_Famine_Review_Committee_Report_Gaza_Aug2025-compressed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new analysis<\/a> that Famine (IPC Phase 5) was occurring in Gaza Governorate. On 16 September, the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel issued a new <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/commission-of-inquiry-report-genocide-in-gaza-a-hrc-60-crp-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>report<\/em><\/a>\u00a0stating that \u201cIsrael has committed genocide against Palestinians in the Gaza Strip\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-17\"><div id=\"attachment_311773\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-311773\" class=\"lazyload size-large wp-image-311773\" src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/UN71117648_20250922_LF_11611_-1024x683.jpg\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/UN71117648_20250922_LF_11611_-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Emmanuel Macron (centre), President of the Republic of France and Co- Chair of the Conference, gavels in the Conference (resumed). At left is Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia and Co-Chair of the Conference and at right is Movses Abelian, UN Under-Secretary-General. 22 September 2025, UN Photo\/Loey Felipe\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27683%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201024%20683%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%271024%27%20height%3D%27683%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/UN71117648_20250922_LF_11611_-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/UN71117648_20250922_LF_11611_-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/UN71117648_20250922_LF_11611_-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/UN71117648_20250922_LF_11611_-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/UN71117648_20250922_LF_11611_-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/UN71117648_20250922_LF_11611_-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/UN71117648_20250922_LF_11611_.jpg 1200w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-311773\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emmanuel Macron (centre), President of the Republic of France and Co- Chair of the Conference, gavels in the Conference (resumed). At left is Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia and Co-Chair of the Conference and at right is Movses Abelian, UN Under-Secretary-General. 22 September 2025, UN Photo\/Loey Felipe<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":301,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-234294","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/234294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/301"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=234294"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/234294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":315493,"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/234294\/revisions\/315493"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=234294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}