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October marks two years since the war in Gaza began. Looking back at the 7 October attack launched by Hamas and other armed groups on Israel, the UN Secretary-General remembered<\/a><\/em> \u201call those who were killed and suffered horrific violence\u201d. The UN Relief Chief renewed<\/a><\/em> the call for the unconditional, immediate release of all the hostages, and an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, for all civilians to be protected, and for humanitarian aid to flow freely at the scale needed. The UNRWA Commissioner-General \u00a0pointed<\/a><\/em> to the life in Gaza over the past two years that has been marked by \u201cdestruction, displacement, bombardment, fear, death, and hunger\u201d. The Deputy Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process expressed<\/a><\/em> \u201csolidarity with those who continue to grieve\u201d and highlighted the infliction of \u201cimmense suffering on both Palestinians and Israelis\u201d. The Chair of the UN Palestinian Rights Committee condemned<\/a><\/em> the deadly attacks and the devastating consequences of the disproportionate response. He reaffirmed that \u201cIsrael\u2019s occupation has no legal basis and must be brought to an end immediately, with full accountability and reparations to the Palestinian people\u201d.<\/p>\n Following the announcement of an agreement to secure a ceasefire and hostage release in Gaza, based on the proposal put forward by US President Donald J. Trump, the UN Secretary-General welcomed<\/a><\/em> the move as a \u201cdesperately needed breakthrough.\u201d The UNICEF Executive Director welcomed<\/a><\/em> the ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, calling it a \u201chope for Palestinian children who have suffered through two years of horrific war\u201d. UN human rights experts welcomed<\/a><\/em> parts of the peace plan and stressed that any peace plan must respect international law and Palestinian self-determination. They also warned that \u201ckey elements of the plan are nevertheless deeply inconsistent with fundamental rules of international law and the 2024 Advisory Opinion\u00a0of the International Court of Justice that demand that Israel ends its unlawful presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory\u201d.<\/p>\n More details:<\/strong><\/p>\n The International Court of Justice delivered an Advisory Opinion<\/a><\/em> on 22 October 2025, reaffirming Israel\u2019s binding obligations, as the Occupying Power, under international law. The Court found that the Palestinian population in Gaza is \u201cinadequately supplied\u201d\u00a0and that Israel is in violation of its obligations under international humanitarian law to facilitate humanitarian relief and ensure that the essential needs of the population are met. The Court stressed that security claims cannot justify obstructing humanitarian relief or suspending humanitarian activities in the occupied territory. The Court further recognized UNRWA\u2019s indispensable and impartial humanitarian role in Gaza, noting that the Agency remains the backbone of humanitarian response since October 2023. Israel must therefore allow and facilitate humanitarian aid by the United Nations and its entities, including UNRWA.<\/p>\n The UN Secretary-General welcomed<\/a><\/em> the Advisory Opinion and\u00a0\u201cstrongly urged Israel 51ÁÔÆæ its obligations\u201d. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights said<\/a> the ruling confirms that \u201cIsrael is bound to respect, protect and fulfil the human rights of Palestinians\u201d. The UNRWA Commissioner-General stressed<\/a><\/em> that \u201cIsrael\u2019s claim that UNRWA is infiltrated by Hamas was not substantiated, nor were allegations that UNRWA is not a neutral organisation\u201d. The UN Palestinian Rights Committee Bureau called<\/a><\/em> on the General Assembly, which requested the Advisory Opinion, to \u201curgently consider the specific measures needed to end this unlawful occupation as rapidly as possible\u201d.<\/p>\n To learn more about all ICJ cases related to the question of Palestine, click here to visit the dedicated webpage.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n More details:<\/strong><\/p>\n On 20 October, Francesca Albanese, the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, published a new report titled \u201cGaza Genocide: A Collective Crime<\/a><\/em>\u201d. The report highlights \u201chow Third States are breaching their duty to prevent genocide, apartheid, and territorial conquest by supplying Israel with aid, arms, and political cover despite clear evidence of genocidal intent.\u201d In a statement<\/a><\/em> to the General Assembly Third Committee on 28 October, Navi Pillay, the Chair of the Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel, stated \u201cIt pains me that, on my last presentation as Chair of this Commission, the post-World War II multi-lateral system has failed to prevent this genocide. The international system has been found wanting.\u201d<\/p>\n More details:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n<\/a>II. International Court of Justice delivers an Advisory Opinion on Israel\u2019s humanitarian obligations<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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\n<\/a>III. UN Special Rapporteur issues a new report entitled \u201cGaza Genocide: a collective crime\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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